An Investigation into the Factors which Affect Osmosis Essay -- GCSE B

An Investigation into the Factors which Affect Osmosis Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration through a partially permable membrane. Osmosis occurs with molecule moving in and out, these molecules move across the plant’s cell membrane. The plant’s cell membrane is partially permable and therefore it has small holes in it which allow for small water molecules to pass through it however larger molecules such as glucose through. However on the out side of the plant cells there is a cell wall of cellulose that has larger holes that let anything pass through it. This cell wall is totally permeable and therefore will allow larger molecules such as glucose through it, but the larger molecules can still not pass the cell membrane. When these cells are in a solution which has a higher concentration of water than the cells concentration of water the water will diffuse into the cell as the water moves from a higher concentration (the solution) to the lower concentration (the cells.) As more and more water enters the cell the cell wall starts to expand and the cell starts to become turgid. Even is a plant cell is placed in a solution where there is a high water concentration and a weak sugar solution (say a 0.1 d/mol3 strong) there will still be more water outside the cell than inside the cell therefore there will still be an increase in volume and weight. This means that when the plant cells are placed in a strong sugar solution (where there is more sugar than water.) there will be a decrease in weight and volume. This process is defined as plasmolysis. This is where the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall, this is because a lot of water has been moved from the cell as the plant cell has the strong concentration of water and the solution has a weak concentration the water will move from the plant top the water. Sometimes the cell will shrivel up completely and it becomes flaccid. This is represented in the diagram below With osmosis occurring there will eventually be a point where the concentration of water will be equal to the concentration inside the cell. This means that with the water still diffusing in and out there will be equal amounts going in and out. This means that osmosis is still occurring but the plant or the solution is either gaining o... ...ainst the cell wall, the tugor pressure will reach it’s maximum and the cells will not be able to take in any more water. At the other end of the line, I would expect the line to eventually curve off horizontally. Once the cell becomes flaccid and the cell membrane collapses, no more water would be able to escape. I did predict that the stronger the solution the more the potato chips would lose weight. I believe my results have proven this. Evaluation I am pleased with the way my experiment has gone, I did not come across too many problems and most of my points on the graph were close to the line of best fit. Therefore I am happy with the accuracy of my results. I think my method was adequate for producing accurate results I could still improve it. I could’ve also tried to measure the potato chips more accurately when cutting them. I feel my investigation on the whole was a sucsess. I achieved reliable and accurate results. however I could increase my confidence in my conclusions by repeating the experiment with another carrot to back it up. But on the whole my experiment matched my prediction and I am happy about my results and the way I conducted it.

Freshman

This can cause stress and anxiety for some people. Stress often leads to eating more and eating foods that are not as healthy. Also, if students have a hard time adjusting to college life, they may find themselves being unhappy, which could lead to drinking more and eventually gaining weight. Sometimes adjusting is extremely sad and upsetting for college freshman, which often leads to emotional eating. Exercise habits can become worse In college because students are busy and do not always have the time to worry about staying in shape.They can find themselves at class all day, studying all night, and having time to eat, but not workout. Much fewer people are student athletes in college than in high school. In high school, the teams are easier to make because it is much less competitive and more about having fun. In college, sports are intense and only a small amount of people participate in them. Therefore, these high school athletes are not getting as much exercise In college because most of them are not participating In a sport anymore, which can result In weight gain.Another cause for the freshman fifteen is the food being available at all times. College students do not have a specific time for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The dining halls are open and filled with food all day. Some students cannot handle this and end up eating much more than they should, just because it is there and it is available to them, which they are not used to. Although there are people who will still eat healthy and restrain from overeating, several people do not have that will power and will eat every time they pass by a addling hall.The causes of gaining the Irishman fifteen are common at all colleges and universities, and students need to start eating healthier, working out more, and being conscious of their health. It is clear that the freshman fifteen is a real thing. The problems that cause this weight gain can happen at any school and that is why it is so common. Although not everyone who puts on weight in college puts on exactly fifteen pounds, it is still concerning. College students, of all people, should try to stay healthy. They are developing bad habits that could last for the rest of their lives.

Globalization and the Decline of the Welfare State

The idea that globalization and the welfare states can conflict comes from the fact that: while globalization is based on profit maximization, the welfare states main goal is to reduce, if not eliminate inequality, insecurity and poverty through proper redistribution of wealth mechanisms. The welfare state has to enhance â€Å"people’s adaptability, so that they, whatever their skills, can turn themselves from losers into winners through their own efforts† (Dennis J. Snower. Et al.137). The point of departure is that these two concepts are related to the allocation of resources and any conflict will have to occur on that level. This paper will not analyze the responses of the welfare states to the challenges of the 1970 and 1980s but†¦show more content†¦Placing knowledge and technology as the main carrier of economic growth and productivity can be seen as part of setting the stage for social cohesion and harmony to the economic competitiveness on the national but also international level. Increasing human capital, research and development, technology, as the KBE demands could also translate into a higher demand for the skills, puts a country at the forefront of competition in a particular sector (34). Although welfare regimes differ from one country to another, the assumption is that investing in human capital can make countries competitive and capable of competing on an international level. This view serves as an optimist view of the relationship between globalization and the welfare states. In order for globalization to be sustained, welfare regimes have been able to respond by increasing social expenditures on human capital. This shows that instead of being a conflict of goals, it is a harmonization of goals that go hand in hand. To a large extent, rich countries address social needs through their social expenditures According to the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) states that â€Å"Gross public social ex penditure on average across OECD increased from 16% of GDP in 1980 to 19% in 2007, of which public pensions (7% ofShow MoreRelatedThe Welfare State and Government Responses to Economic Openness1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Welfare State and Government Responses to Economic Openness I. Introduction Economic openness is the phenomenon in which individual economies from all over the world become increasingly connected and interdependent through greater liberalization of trade and the vast movement of goods, services, and capital across borders. With the rise of globalization, positive effects have resulted from economic openness. The widespread benefits of globalization have resulted in global economic growthRead MoreWhat Is the Evidence of Welfare State Retrenchment ?1444 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the evidence of welfare state retrenchment in western welfare states? 1. Introduction 1. Crisis of Welfare State At the end of the 1970’s, the welfare state moved into crisis (OECD, 1981; Rosanvallon, 1981). As the period of high economic growth ended and stagflation appeared, governments couldn’t afford the social expenditure which had been expanded before. Fiscal deficit appeared and unemployment rate started to increase with economic depression. The idea shared byRead MoreWhat Is the Evidence of Welfare State Retrenchment ?1444 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the evidence of welfare state retrenchment in western welfare states? 1. Introduction 1. Crisis of Welfare State At the end of the 1970’s, the welfare state moved into crisis (OECD, 1981; Rosanvallon, 1981). As the period of high economic growth ended and stagflation appeared, governments couldn’t afford the social expenditure which had been expanded before. Fiscal deficit appeared and unemployment rate started to increase with economic depression. Read MoreGlobalization and the Nation State Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization Ââ€" Struggles of the Nation-State and Issues of Equality Economic growth in globalization is often due to rapid technological advancements and changes in the gathering of information and communications. Globalization has always existed but todays globalization has been a much more rapid and intense process than in the past. The question here is whether todays globalization weakens the nation state and whether or not it undermines national control over the economy. We are trying toRead MoreDiminished Education : A Dimensional Analysis1437 Words   |  6 Pageslocally and nationally. A steady job means economic freedom, access to education and healthcare benefits which often leads to a healthy and a productive and peaceful state of mind. It also promotes social harmony and reduces poverty. In 2007, this country experienced a major global financial crisis causing massive economic decline and a major loss of jobs as a direct result policymakers have worked feverishly to produce jobs, decrease unemployment in an effort to get citizens back t o work. SkillsRead MoreThe Banana Farmers Of The Windward Islands1318 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization has been occurring for thousands of years through the integration of cultures, people, government and nations. This driving force effects many societies around the world in many ways ranging from environmental issues, economic development, culture, people’s physical well-being, and political systems. However some of these driving forces can lead to the downfall of a single social group while benefiting others. In the case of the banana farmers of the Windward Islands, they are introducedRead MoreGlobalization And The Speed Of Globalization1726 Words   |  7 PagesThere has been acceleration in the speed of globalization in current years. Its scope has too widened past the realm of economies to involve the domains of cultural, political and social practices and norms. This powerful shove has been connected with far-reaching cost for economic well-being, political processes and s ocial structures in countries across the world. The diverse parts of the entire world have actually become so co-dependent in so many respects that it is not possible any longer toRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Domestic Economies And Social Welfare Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesReading Review: Literature on the impacts of globalization has been increasingly growing over the past two decades as analysts determine if globalization negatively or positively affects domestic economies and social welfare. Rodrik (1997) cautions that â€Å"globalization does exert downward pressure on the wages of underskilled [sic] workers in industrialized countries, exacerbate economic insecurity, call into question accepted social arrangement, and weaken social safety nets.† He claims increasesRead MoreThe Cold War And The International Political Economy1076 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States was still asserting itself as a global hegemony. The tense relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union left communist governments out of the liberal economic sphere of influence. The article goes on to talk about how the United States emerged as a global power shortly following the end of World War II, and highlights the imperialist policies of the United States at the time. In addition to describing the attitudes and the policies of the United States, the articleRead MoreGlobalization And Corporate Expansion Of American Companies915 Words   |  4 PagesThe globalization and corporate expansion of American companies has promoted inequality in the United States and the world, largely through means defined to be inhumane. Corporate America has embraced a ‘hands-free’ method of globalization. By both outsourcing labor and targeting more consumer groups, especially those yearning for the American Dream, corporate America has successfully increased profits. Almost everyone on earth is feeling the negative effects of corporate America’s actions. By outsourcing

China A Reflective Essay - 1129 Words

China: A Reflective Essay Standing atop the highest peak of the Great Wall in Beijing, China after nearly two hours of climbing up the uneven, ancient stairs, I couldn’t help but to think about my life and all the decisions I have made thus far. Drenched in sweat and gasping for breath through the thick, heavy, polluted air, I stood quietly in amazement. I was not only speechless because I had actually braved the nearly 7-mile climb but also because of the picturesque landscape that surrounded me. â€Å"I did it!† I thought to myself, â€Å"I actually did it!† I closed my eyes and fought back tears of joy. My journey up the wall had truly been the pinnacle of my trip to China by far. If I was able to motivate myself to make it to the top of†¦show more content†¦Throughout my China trip, I encountered several memorable experiences and events that I was impacted by, which and provided insight into the cultural differences and similarities between the East and West. With just over 1.3 billion people, China represents 20% of the worlds population and frankly the most curious people I have ever come in contact with. â€Å"Are you competing in the Olympics?† â€Å"Are you Kobe Bryant’s little sister?† â€Å"Can I take a picture with you?† â€Å"Is your coloring natural?† These were some of the first questions I was asked while flying from Shanghai to Xian. While they seemed outlandish and preposterous to me, the outspoken middle-aged man sitting next to me had no qualms in asking. The overwhelming curiosity seemed evident in all of the five cities I visited. Baffled and sometimes uncomfortable by the constant questioning, I was forced to adapt. â€Å"No I am not competing in the Olympics and Kobe Bryant is most certainly not my brother but, yes I will take a picture with you.† was my response. I realized that the people were curious and most had never seen an African American in person before. Through research (post trip) I learned that there is no direct translation for the word â€Å"privacy† within the Chinese language. The closest translation to the western meaning of â€Å"privacy† is â€Å"to hide†. In China almost every topic is open forShow MoreRelatedCCCH9009 Reflective Essay2036 Words   |  9 PagesCCCH9009 Protests, Rebellions and Revolutions in Modern China Reflective Essay Name: CHAN Chun Ho, Goofy UID: 3035071486 Tutorial: Friday 10.30 – 11.20 CCCH 9009 Protests, Rebellions and Revolutions in Modern China Reflective Essay Introduction Ian Johnson’s Wild Grass presents three stories that vividly reflect the social and political problems in the contemporary Chinese regime. Featuring three groups of protagonists, namely the ‘peasant champion’ who filed class-action lawsuit against theRead MoreBehavioral Differences Of Multicultural Team Working With Models Of National Cultural Differences1481 Words   |  6 Pagesat some extent. National cultural differences is the top reason why an alarming rate of up to 70% of joint ventures fail (www.ugmconsulting.com). Also, it is of vital importance when dealing with cross-border management issues. Therefore, this reflective essay aims to critically evaluate four related topics: how to explain behavioral differences in multicultural team-working with models of national cultural differences; reflection on the strengths and weaknesses of multicultural team-working; comparisonRead MoreIn My Creative Nonfiction Genre Proposal, I Stated That,1571 Words   |  7 Pageswill be literary essays that address humanity’s universal desire for a sense of identity and belonging; these essays will be written from a personal perspective, containing anecdotes, internal conflicts, and external opinions† (1). A little over ten weeks later, I believe I have achieved this goal in my final draft because of the stylistic approaches and revisions I made with the help of the Creative Writing Seminar workshops. My final draft for the project consists of eight essays that address severalRead MoreReflection About Education In China1077 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects of our lives. I am a student from China. I think the understanding of education is very different under different cultures. In this essay, I will combine my educational experience in China and the learning experience in module 1 to objectively analyze education from different perspectives. And Ill explain what Ive changed in understanding and thinking about education in module1s learning process. For me the most meaningful is compulsory education in China. Its not only free, but also mandatoryRead MoreEssay On China959 Words   |  4 PagesChina is one of the greatest macroeconomic success stories of the current generation. The People’s Republic of China has in a little less than half a century moved to arguably be one of the greatest economies in the world. Indeed, some may even argue that it is the greatest. This, as per the Kindleberger/Minsky model, is a major cause for worry and not celebration. Indeed, around the year 2015, the Chinese economy was doing so well that it was attracting an avalanche of investors. Companies suchRead MoreIn This Reflective Statement I Am Going To Discuss About1212 Words   |  5 PagesIn this reflective statement I am going to discuss about presentation I did together as a group and individually. The main aim of this reflection statement is to describe how I and my team mates worked while we took the responsibility to work on this p roject. The main reason for writing this reflective statement is to carry my experience of working in a team and how I managed challenges. The reflective statement is a personal record of my learning experiences. This journal is going to include myRead MoreAn Allegory In Animal Farm By George Orwell?819 Words   |  4 Pagesan academic essay offer Orwell? The novel Animal Farm was written by George Orwell. This book was published in 1945 during the time of World War 2. It intended to portray the communism that was happening throughout Russia. Orwell took a massive risk in publishing and jeopardized his wellbeing to publicise his thoughts and to get his point across to the public. This essay will discuss what opportunities Animal Farm provides Orwell by writing it as an allegory rather than academic essay. An allegoryRead MoreCan Critical Regionalism Counteract The Impact Of Globalization On Our Cities?1532 Words   |  7 Pagesto resonate with vernacular architecture). This permits the advancement of a sustainable local culture with the universal evolvement. In 1983, Kenneth Frampton authored an essay explaining the possibilities of Critical Regionalism, titled â€Å"Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture Resistance†. In the essay Frampton begins by referencing Paul Ricouer’s notion of â€Å"how to revive an old, dormant civilization and take part in universal civilization†. He stresses the need for embracingRead MoreThe Task Based Language Teaching Approach1673 Words   |  7 PagesMy reflective autobiography By Lun Peng (Gloria) 1. Introduction The Task-Based Language Teaching Approach (TBLT) has been China’s promoted teaching method since 2001. As a novice teacher, I used a standard process which I learned from a mandatory training course on TBLT organized by teacher educators in Beijing, China. During the first two months of adapting TBLT into my teaching, I came across three major challenges: unmotivated students, little acquisition of forms and individual differences betweenRead MoreThrough My Creative Writing And Reading Experience, I Have1156 Words   |  5 Pagesgenres. My preferred genres have consistently been free verse poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. For the purpose of this class, I have chosen the genre of creative non-fiction. My focus will be literary essays that address humanity’s universal desire for a sense of identity and belonging; these essays will be written from a personal perspective, containing anecdotes, internal conflicts, and external opinions. Free verse poetry is one of the reasons I became a writer. In high school, it was my outlet

Domestic Violence and What It Takes to Break Free

â€Å"It began before we were together. He raped me and I got pregnant. I was pregnant when the [real] abuse started, [n]ot only physical, but mental, and sexual as well. The first time it happened he seemed to feel really bad about it so I really thought he would never do it again! Then a few months later he did it again and from there it was all the time!†, reports Lilly, a prior victim of domestic violence. Nevertheless, Lilly is not the only to have suffered from domestic violence. As a matter of fact, according to The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, â€Å"more than 1 in 3 women (35.6%) and more than 1 in four men (28.5%) in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime.†(2010, pg. 2) Many people find domestic violence difficult to understand because its usually portrayed as just being physical abuse, in spite of common misunderstanding, domestic violence can be any form of abuse committed by a person targeting someone else. However, what is rarely known is: to what extent will these women go to in order to be free? Is it wrong to want to be free from a reality that they can no longer handle? In some cases the definition of freedom does not mean to run away or to file a restraining order against the partner committing the abuse; as a matter of fact, sometimes the only way to find freedom is through murder. In such cases, women who have been abused might develop Battered WomanShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1237 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction Domestic violence or intimate partner violence can occur in any type of relationship. There are many types of domestic violence including; social, physical, emotional and spiritual. Domestic violence is all about one person wanting control and power over the other and it can be expressed in many ways. It can occur in more than one way such as; coercion, threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, sexual abuse, and economic abuse. It can also be a single act or a pattern of behaviourRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1237 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction Domestic violence or intimate partner violence can occur in any type of relationship. There are many types of domestic violence including; social, physical, emotional and spiritual. Domestic violence is all about one person wanting control and power over the other and it can be expressed in many ways. It can occur in more than one way such as; coercion, threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, sexual abuse, and economic abuse. It can also be a single act or a pattern of behaviourRead MoreDomestic Violence Awareness1353 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence Awareness Each month 1 to 3 women will experience domestic violence or also known as intimate partner violence. These women stand a very high death rate than any other leading cause of death for women of all ages. It’s a crime and a problem that is more than likely never addressed like it should be. Most often these victims will not speak out on their abuse or attacks. â€Å"Everyday 3 or more women are murdered in a domestic violence attack by their boyfriends or husbands†(â€Å"DomesticRead MoreDomestic Violence Throughout History780 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Violence Throughout History Summary: Domestic violence has been apart of society forever, and it rooted in traditional male dominance and the view of women as property. Still, domestic violence is still a problem that takes place regardless of the socio-economic status of a family. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Domestic violence is as old as recorded history. There have been reports of domestic violence since the dawn of timeRead MoreDomestic Violence Affects Women Health1399 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom domestic violence every day, from physical, emotional, and even verbal abuse. Violence towards women is very important because it can cause a huge impact on women’s health and can even get as serious as death. So many women are getting some form of abuse and aren’t aware of how serious it can be. The problem that I will be discussing is how domestic violence affects women health. When previously taking Women’s Studies and Intro to Women’s Health, this problem was discussed. Domestic ViolenceRead MoreIs Marina Pisklakova The Reason Why Laws Against Domestic Violence Exist?1155 Words   |  5 Pagesfar lower, and there are many ways to get help. Many people don’t realize that in places such as Russia, if you are a victim of domestic violence, there is very little you can do to help yourself. In fact, up until recently, there were no laws prohibiting abuse. Marina Pisklakova is the reason why laws against domestic violence exist. She has helped thousands women break free of abusive relationships, and has saved countless other women’s lives. Marina is one of the world’s most prominent feministsRead MoreAn Definition Of Domestic Violence Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of domestic violence, or intimate partner violence, is a multiple or single incidence of abusive behavior that uses oppression, threats, isolation , and fear that often results in psychological and/or emotional trauma. Intimate partner violence is not a specific gender issue; a common assumption is that victims of abusive relationships are only women, which is a false belief. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 1 in 4 men have experience some type of psychologicalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Our Society Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pageslong-term consequences. This is especially true of how domestic violence is currently governed by the criminal justice system and social norms. A lack of preventative care exists and this ignores the consequences of domestic violence in our society. Incidents of domestic violence are often treated as one-time or isolated occurrences; however, in many cases abusers and victims fall back into these learnt behaviors. Therefore, domestic violence is a never-ending cycle that cannot be stopped withoutRead MoreThe Characteristics Of A Boy And A Girl1536 Words   |  7 PagesWhat defines the qualities of a boy and a girl in our society? Why does society find such a need to distinguish boys from girls and where did all of this stem from? Gender socialization has had a major impact on the American society since its colonization. History has seen massive changes in the behavioral and social expectations of both men and women. Historical events such as World War two as well as Industrialization are some of the major driving forces that helped sculpt our modern day genderRead MoreDomestic Violence Case Study1235 Words   |  5 PagesField Study: House of Ruth Domestic violence is an issue affecting millions of families. As a result of the increasing incidents of abuse, the number help centers and outreach programs have amplified in urban areas. One of the most influential centers against domestic violence is the House of Ruth. Established in 1977 and located in an urban city area, the House of Ruth offers various services to women and children who are victims of familial violence. Their mission states, â€Å"The House Of Ruth

President Obama and American Civil Rights in the Twenty first Century Free Essays

Civil rights liberties had been celebrated and established in the Untied States only in recent history. Barack Obama’s ascension to the presidency is the fruition of the long struggle of Black Americans for equal rights in all aspect of American society. From the days of Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on President Obama and American Civil Rights in the Twenty first Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now , however, civil rights in the USA have taken on various other issues, including the rights of homosexuals, women and the overall issue of racism, which is tangentially connected to the contentions in immigration. Pres. Obama’s leadership in guaranteeing and even expanding civil rights is done in the context of grave economic and political challenges to the United States. Voting Rights. The White House website (2010) states that â€Å"Civil Rights Division to ensure that voting rights are protected and Americans do not suffer from increased discrimination during a time of economic distress. President Obama†¦ believes that our anti-discrimination employment laws should be expanded to include sexual orientation and gender identity. He supports full civil unions and federal rights for LGBT couples and opposes a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage†¦. [and] that we must ensure adoption rights for all couples and individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation. † The issue of equality is at the heart of civil rights. Equality, on the other hand, is at the heart of American democracy. While the United States’ practice of democracy may not be perfect, it is seen as one of the best working democratic systems in the world. Hence, if any citizen (regardless of class, gender preference or race) fails to vote, their voices shall have been curtailed and their representation may be at stake. Donna Brazile (2010) wrote that the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution was enacted to give voting rights to minorities. But due to Jim Crow laws, various States managed to circumvent the Constitutional amendment in favor of their own prejudices against Blacks and other minorities. Brazile (2010) went on to write that the voting rights of certain minorities are in danger in several states because of certain rules that make it difficult for these minorities to cast their votes. While the civil rights movement in the 1960s was mainly about the rights of Black Americans, the issue now includes other races, particularly Spanish-speaking peoples in the United States. Conservatives, Black Americans and Racism. The Tea Party is supposed to be an answer to the perceived failures of traditional parties in the United States. Ironically, in defense of the Tea Party, even Black conservatives consider the issue of â€Å"race† as a phony category. This tirade was in response to the accusation hurled by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples (NAACP) that the Tea Party is slow to discipline the racist elements in their party, among them are conservative Tom Tancredo, whose assertion implied that those without enough English literacy are responsible for electing America’s enemy—Barack Obama. Tancredo even criticized the â€Å"cult of multiculturalism† as the culprit for the problems of the United States (Travis, 2010, Berger, 2010). While some of elements from Tea Party may deny the category of race as an important issue in American politics, the historical record and events could not be denied. Race has been one of the most contentious issues in American politics and history. By bringing back the issue of literacy in voting, Tancredo is bringing back the Jim Crow laws days when literacy tests were used as a means to disenfranchise minorities and take away their right to vote. Subsequently, this rule became the source of violence in various states. Race and Gender Issues. Another civil rights issue that may appear to have arisen only recently is the issue of same-sex marriages. The most recent controversial matter was California’s Proposition 8, which was meant to re-establish the traditional definition of marriage as union between a man and a woman. But the battle for the rights of same-sex is not over. Judge Vaughn Walker, however, declared that this Proposition is unconstitutional. In his ruling, Walker said that â€Å"Proposition 8 fails to advance any rational basis in singling out gay men and lesbians for denial of a marriage license. Indeed, the evidence shows Proposition 8 does nothing more than enshrine in the California Constitution the notion that opposite-sex couples are superior to same-sex couples† (CNN, 2010). The issue of same-sex marriage is complicated by tradition and religion. Historically, however, race relations had also been complicated by tradition and religion. Hence, Judge Walker even stated that at some point, race restrictions on marriage were also implemented by many states in the past. Individual States and the Federal Government. There are a number of similarities in the civil rights issues of today and that previously faced by the United States. One such parallel that will resolve or further complicate the matter will be the relationship between and among the rules and policies of individual states and that of the federal government. While the federal government is faced with so many challenges from different areas—economy, politics, international relations and immigration among others, individual states will try to circumvent some constitutional rules if the leaders of these states feel that the Federal government is too busy to take notice. Already, some voting rights in Georgia are being threatened and minority votes are being undermined. The issue of same-sex marriage will also be decided upon by individual states, at least at first, before the United States Supreme Court step in to resolve it finally. The 1965 Voting Rights Act was enacted to guarantee equal voting rights. Failure to protect that will be tantamount to undermining America’s legacy of democracy. Reference Berger, J. (2010). Tea Party Launches Counter-Revolution. Fox News. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://liveshots. blogs. foxnews. com/2010/02/04/tea-party-launches-counter-revolution/. Brazile, D. (2010). Stay Vigilant to Protect Voting Rights. Cable News Network. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://edition. cnn. com/2010/OPINION/08/06/brazile. voting. rights. act/index. html. CNN (2010). Opponents of Same-sex Marriage to File Appeal in California Case. Cable News Network. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://edition. cnn. com/2010/US/08/05/california. same. sex. ruling/index. html. Travis, S. (2010). Black Conservatives Join Hands to Deny Racism within the Tea Party Movement. CNN Political Ticker. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://politicalticker. blogs. cnn. com/2010/08/04/black-conservatives-join-hands-to-deny-racism-within-the-tea-party-movement/? iref=allsearch White House Website (2010). Civil Rights. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://www. whitehouse. gov/issues/civil-rights. How to cite President Obama and American Civil Rights in the Twenty first Century, Papers

Occupational Health Hazard In Cement Industry †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health Hazard In Cement Industry. Answer: Introduction: Cement industry is one of the oldest industries of the world and becomes one of the strongest economical backbones of a nation. A huge amount of workers are found to be working in a cement industry as this industry requires a huge labor phase to conduct each and every steps of preparation of cement industry (Sousa, Almeida Dias, 2014). Preparation of cement is energy as well as the resource intensive process that often remains accompanied with global health, environmental as well as different safety impacts. Therefore it becomes extremely important for a company to recognize these potential adverse effects and thereby incorporate strategies often referred as the Cement sustainability initiatives called CSI that will help to make hazardous situations come under control. Therefore it is first important to check the different hazardous impact that the cement workers face and how the company is able to maintain occupational health hazard safety programs to minimize the risks associated with their life. Details about company and its workers: The company that is portrayed here is called the Strength Cementing and has been a leading producer of cement in South Africa. The main work force that acts as the labor constitutes about 80 percent and is 3100 in number. The managerial level workers are usually less in number and numbers to 120. However the organization had taken a high risk as more than half of the managers have very limited level of theoretical and scientific knowledge and have been promoted from the labor level to managerial level. Therefore although they have good knowledge about the production procedures and allocation of work but they have very less idea about the different health hazards the workers are exposed to and how to provide a safe environment. Basically the labor force and the mangers have an average age of 28 with the most constituting of illiterate work force joining the industry as novice and learning work o the work floor. As the plant is situated on the countryside, therefore it had attracted th e poor rural workforce joining the pace at cheap labor price as their economic background is very low. Therefore the company is making them work at a cheaper price and making the most profit by its high production of cement. However, maintenance of occupational health hazard is to be incorporated in the plant as a result of the governmental inspection and therefore it had become extremely important for the employer to look over the matter with concerned thoughts. Health hazards and risks associated with them: First hazards and risks: It has been found that the cement workers who work in the plant are exposed to different types of occupational hazards which often lead to different types of diseases as well as injuries in the factory. Cement is produced with the help of different raw material like shale, clay, iron, limestone, sand and many others. Often plants are also found to incorporate industrial by products and replace the natural raw materials to achieve sustainable development 9Mohammadafam et al., 2016). These raw materials are inhaled by them during breathing procedures and can also be found to work pass through skin. A large number of respiratory diseases remain associated with it and poor economic condition makes the treatment of such diseases. Such diseases mainly include a large number of allergic reactions that interfered with the breathing processes of human (Sansakom et al., 2015). Moreover chronic bronchitis, asthma as well as emphysema have been found to be associated with the chemical intake thr ough breathing. Others also include lung cancer, pneumonia, tuberculosis, cough, wheezing as well as shortness of breath. Chest pain has been found to be highly reported in cement factory workers and the workers in the plan also reported of irregular heart beat. Moreover entry of cement through skin has also hazardous impacts that involve selling of legs and feet, high blood pressure, irritation, skin allergies, fatigue related with anxieties (Anjali, Heer Pranab, 2016). Second hazard and risks: Cement is usually provided by a number of processes that include quarrying, followed by crushing, milling blending and then kiln burning. In the plant there is a trend of ever increasing pace of production activities which thereby states that avoidance of accidents can hardly take place. Both in natural cement and also in artificial cement, irrespective of the types that the plant produces, the limestone and clay remain the important components although their concentration are found to be varied (west et al., 2016). These raw materials are introduced into heating procedures that undergoes different types of chemical reactions and undergoes different processes like Tri-calcium silicate, Di-calcium silicate, Ferrite phase and Tri- calcium aluminates phase. These chemical reactions occur at high heat and illiterate labors that does not have proper ideas about self protection or the organization that does not have proper accident protection policies can contribute to sever accidents thre atening even lives. Often fall from slurry tanks can take place due to improper settings and proper protective strategies that failed to be incorporated when building the plant. Such an accident had already taken place in America. Moreover, the workers of the Strength cementing are also vulnerable to any kind of explosion that may occur in the cylinder that remains present in the fine coal crusher as lack of maintenance of the crusher is found (Noweir et al., 2013). Such an accident had occurred in India in July 2016 in ACC Cement Company. Maintenance of raw meal silos is also important as it holds the huge tones of raw materials. Collapse of such a silo may destroy the lives of huge number of workers as that had happened in June 2016 in Pakistan in Fauji Cement Company plant at Tehsil Fateh Jang, Punjab. Often death due to scaffold may also take place and hence the organization should be careful. Often improper maintenance and proper renovation of different instruments and structur e in the cement plant result in sever accidents (Mohamed, Shafeek Aman, 2016). Hot clinker which is actually the furnace need to be maintained properly and cement stone may get busted from the clinker producing hot ashes that may cover the entire plant. Moreover accidents may also occur when cleaning the crusher because if the machines are not maintained properly, it may result in death by entrapment in the cement crusher. Moreover breaking of fire may be caused at any time as different chemical reactions need to occur in furnaces, crushers as well as in hot air generators, coal mills and others (Mutz Nanadan, 2014). Hence, a large number of falls and accidents can take place at the plant and therefore it is important for the organization to develop policies and take actions that will prevent such accidents. Third hazard and risks associated: Noise associated with entire preparation and processing of the cement is also resulting in health hazards in cement industry. This is said so because the milling plants that are used to grind cement is responsible for the production of high tension of noise. This noise can simply damage individual laborers. The main laborers who are at a higher risk for hazards to noise pollution are the cleaning and the maintenance workers (Koivupalo et al. 2015). Researchers have shown that in the industry, those workers who are more than 10 years experienced are more vulnerable to issues with noise and had reported severe irritation, headache, and loss of proper hearing, mental fatigue, heart attacks and others. From the above risks associated with the lives of the workers working in the cement industry, it becomes extremely important for the organization to assess the risks and thereby introduce changes that will help in preventing not only different accidents and falls associated with the laborers working in the cement industry but will also help in addressing the diseases associated with working in the industry. Business risks and mitigation ways: Business risk Impact Likelihood Mitigation strategy Contingency plan Lung disorders, cardio-pulmonary disorders, skin infections and others affecting health of workers and harming productivity High Highly Provide resources to workers protecting them from such disorders and giving training Introduction of Masks, covered dresses, proper preventative medication, training program Accidents and falls causing death lead to loss of reputation and financial loss by providing money to victims family as insurance, legal obligations High, Highly Training program and introduction of floor supervisor monitoring issues Makes the worker aware of the different accident risks that they face every day, how they can prevent such consequences, effective use of protective tools Noise pollution affecting health and heart attack with decreased hearing ability of workers [High, [Highly Head gears and hearing cover instruments Advise the workers to use proper tools that protect them from hearing defect Management of the problems: The health and safety inspection manager should first pay importance to the risk engineering procedure in order to properly assess the risks and take proper initiatives. The better the adoption of risk engineering procedures, the lesser is the risk associated with the workers. Risk engineering procedure involves the undertaking surveys at different levels during the project life cycle. This mainly involves the prevention of losses that mainly works by examining the performance as well as progress of the works, identification of the main areas that posses threats and risks, provision of recommendations, evaluating losses as well as sharing the lessons that are learnt with the operational teams (Pinto, 2014). The sequential steps that the inspection manger incorporate in risk engineering is reviewing the tasks, implementation of proper engineering, correct guarding, evidence based methods introduction, providing correct information to the workers and also alter worker behavior to assur e occupational safety. The engineer should regularly visit the site and idiscuss with the workers and monitors the risks associated themselves (Hull Bowman, 2014). One of the most important aspects of risk engineering is the proper reporting of the risks and the progress to the management that will inevitably incorporate recommendations to the management that will include recent and imminent changes and highlight the different problems that had been encountered. They would also discuss the delays that had been faced and also the different responses o the workers and also noting the recommendations told by workers in surveys. This is done to help the management understand the various issues and take initiatives accordingly. The management procedure should incorporate risk control procedures that should eliminate the risks or reduce them. The order that should be maintained for achieving this is elimination of the risks, substitution of the working procedure or the objects, isolation, engineering control, control in the administrative systems and personal protective equipments. Researchers have suggest that a proper health and safety procedure should first incorporate the preventative as well as the protective measures that should first control the risks and then the second importance would be given to the different further actions that can be taken for reduction of risks sufficiently (Berhane, Kumie Samet, 2016). This can be explained by an example. The first one is the preventative measure and the second one is the residual risk control. The workers who are working at a height may have the risk to fall so they need to use a harness to reduce the risk. However, there is a chance that he might not use t he tool properly and then only the secondary factor is used which will include incorporation of another manager who will monitor the activities of people working at height. As risk cannot be eradicated but can be only managed therefore an organization need to be proactive than reactive. Risk management is an itinerative process consisting of distinctive steps that include proper sequencing of procedures, support of better decision making that include better contribution of insights into risks and impacts (Gizaw, Yifred Tadesse, 2016). The important steps that should be incorporated by the organization is proper supervision of the workers in the workplace by eminent mangers who are not only experienced but also have sufficient scientific and theoretical knowledge and have very developed managerial sense. The risky behaviors of the workers should be correctly assessed and corrected by allowing them to be properly educating them and arranging for training sessions where basic knowledge about safety precautions needs to be provided. The safety management should consider inadequate safety education of the workers and use proper illustrations and demos to make sure that they make the correct use of safety tools like harnesses (Nordy et al., 2016). The correct provision of tools like using masks to prevent dust entry into lungs as much as possible, using covered attires to prevent skin infection, proper provision of safety harness should be provided to the workers by the management. The right employment of competent safe ty officers by the sub contractors should be introduced. Correct training procedure should enhance the proper behavior of the workers which will ensure that they will reject improper PPE (personal protective equipment) and will also know the correct equipment that they need to use in different domains while working in the industry (Nguyen et al., 2015). In case of emergency: Organisation Name Contact Title Phone number ALL Mr. Allan Gernanrd Overall supervision and employers assistant 221 5456 22323 State Emergency Services (SES) Baywood Services for Emergency and crisis Crisis management 221 5465 1234 Police Mr. Billy McArthy During accidents and other information, theft, discrepancy and others 221 4567 2369 Fire Jason fire and Co. During fire break out 221 4578 5639 Ambulance Baywood Government and Hospitals For concerns and management of health issues and treatment in accidents 221 7878 9696 Fire: In case of fire emergency, the following procedure can be included: Procedures Brief outline of procedures Evacuation point/ address Reference to full procedure document Supporting documentation Fire evacuation problem The alarm should be immediately put on The managers instructions will be followed and there should be no running with panic. The training procedure should be recalled and the already instructed safety evacuation plan should be implemented Fire exit should be immediately opened. Care should be taken that the exit doors are properly maintained and repaired before hand After proper evacuation it should be taken care that The manager clarifies that all the workers have been properly evacauted Back gate that leads to the filed leading t the Bay road near the river The full procedure should be provided to the workers during the training schedule. Moreover it should be also be uploaded to the workers login site so that they can use it when required by them Present on the board. Conclusion: A large number of occupational health hazards are intricately associated with the workers in cement industry. A large number of cardio-pulmonary diseases are associated along with workers along with skin infections and allergies. Noise pollution is another such hazard. Moreover falls, explosions and accidents are also common. 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